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The Basque National Liberation Movement (Basque: Euskal Nazio Askapenerako Mugimendua, "ENAM") is a term that encompasses all political, social and armed organizations which have as their goal the creation of a sovereign state which would include all of the Basque Country and Navarre, and be independent of France and Spain. Although this movement is currently synonymous with the separatist organisation ETA, it does have a history stretching back long before ETA's formation. The failure of politics to satisfy the desire many Basques have had for a return to self-governance, and the severe limitations imposed on the use of their language and expression of their culture by Franco, were contributory factors to the initiation of the latest armed conflict, headed by ETA. The people who have been imprisoned over the past 40 years have mostly been linked to this armed struggle and have been convicted of terrorist activities, or for belonging to or having belonged to ETA or other organisations linked to it. Many will have taken part in ETA's violent campaign, and some have been convicted of murder. A few have no connection to ETA. ==History== The number of prisoners related to the Basque National Liberation Movement has varied over the years as can be seen in the following bar chart. It begins in 1978, after the amnesty of 1977, which made it illegal to bring to trial any Franco era crime, and also gave amnesty to all prisoners who had committed crimes with a political root during Franco's dictatorship and the Spanish transition to democracy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Penal/l46-1977.html#a1 )〕 The data for the bar chart comes from Etxerat, the association of family members of these prisoners,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2013/12/29/52bffe82ca47419a4b8b456f.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://issuu.com/etxerat/docs/dossier_diciembre )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://issuu.com/etxerat/docs/report_october/1 )〕 and the EPPK (Euskal Preso Politikoen Kolektiboa).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eppk-bt.net/eppk/kideak/ )〕 However it should be noted that some prisoners choose not to be part of Etxerat, or have been expelled, and so the number of Basque National Liberation Movement prisoners is approximately 7% more than these figures. For example, in 2005 Etxerat reported 507 prisoners were held in Spanish prisons, while the Spanish prison service stated that there were 544 related to ETA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://especiales.ideal.es/2006/eta/historia/eta-01.html )〕 For consistency the Etxerat figures have been used in the bar chart and they give a good indication of how the number of prisoners has changed over the years. Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.3,0.2,0.8) ImageSize = width:1100 height: 400 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:800 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1978 text:1978 bar:1979 text:1979 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1981 text:1981 bar:1982 text:1982 bar:1983 text:1983 bar:1984 text:1984 bar:1985 text:1985 bar:1986 text:1986 bar:1987 text:1987 bar:1988 text:1988 bar:1989 text:1989 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:1992 text:1992 bar:1993 text:1993 bar:1994 text:1994 bar:1995 text:1995 bar:1996 text:1996 bar:1997 text:1997 bar:1998 text:1998 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2002 text:2002 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2004 text:2004 bar:2005 text:2005 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2007 text:2007 bar:2008 text:2008 bar:2009 text:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 text:2011 bar:2012 text:2012 bar:2013 text:2013 bar:2014 text:2014 PlotData= color:barra width:15 align:left bar:1978 from: 0 till:102 bar:1979 from: 0 till:117 bar:1980 from: 0 till:265 bar:1981 from: 0 till:435 bar:1982 from: 0 till:435 bar:1983 from: 0 till:331 bar:1984 from: 0 till:419 bar:1985 from: 0 till:369 bar:1986 from: 0 till:477 bar:1987 from: 0 till:504 bar:1988 from: 0 till:541 bar:1989 from: 0 till:564 bar:1990 from: 0 till:499 bar:1991 from: 0 till:529 bar:1992 from: 0 till:494 bar:1993 from: 0 till:578 bar:1994 from: 0 till:554 bar:1995 from: 0 till:547 bar:1996 from: 0 till:531 bar:1997 from: 0 till:559 bar:1998 from: 0 till:526 bar:1999 from: 0 till:453 bar:2000 from: 0 till:521 bar:2001 from: 0 till:534 bar:2002 from: 0 till:650 bar:2003 from: 0 till:680 bar:2004 from: 0 till:719 bar:2005 from: 0 till:664 bar:2006 from: 0 till:610 bar:2007 from: 0 till:709 bar:2008 from: 0 till:762 bar:2009 from: 0 till:750 bar:2010 from: 0 till:713 bar:2011 from: 0 till:703 bar:2012 from: 0 till:607 bar:2013 from: 0 till:527 bar:2014 from: 0 till:482 PlotData= bar:1978 at:102 fontsize:S text: 102 shift:(-8,5) bar:1979 at:117 fontsize:S text: 117 shift:(-8,5) bar:1980 at:265 fontsize:S text: 265 shift:(-8,5) bar:1981 at:435 fontsize:S text: 435 shift:(-8,5) bar:1982 at:435 fontsize:S text: 435 shift:(-8,5) bar:1983 at:331 fontsize:S text: 331 shift:(-8,5) bar:1984 at:419 fontsize:S text: 419 shift:(-8,5) bar:1985 at:369 fontsize:S text: 369 shift:(-8,5) bar:1986 at:477 fontsize:S text: 477 shift:(-8,5) bar:1987 at:504 fontsize:S text: 504 shift:(-8,5) bar:1988 at:541 fontsize:S text: 541 shift:(-8,5) bar:1989 at:564 fontsize:S text: 564 shift:(-8,5) bar:1990 at:499 fontsize:S text: 499 shift:(-8,5) bar:1991 at:529 fontsize:S text: 529 shift:(-8,5) bar:1992 at:494 fontsize:S text: 494 shift:(-8,5) bar:1993 at:578 fontsize:S text: 578 shift:(-8,5) bar:1994 at:554 fontsize:S text: 554 shift:(-8,5) bar:1995 at:547 fontsize:S text: 547 shift:(-8,5) bar:1996 at:531 fontsize:S text: 531 shift:(-8,5) bar:1997 at:559 fontsize:S text: 559 shift:(-8,5) bar:1998 at:526 fontsize:S text: 526 shift:(-8,5) bar:1999 at:453 fontsize:S text: 453 shift:(-8,5) bar:2000 at:521 fontsize:S text: 521 shift:(-8,5) bar:2001 at:534 fontsize:S text: 534 shift:(-8,5) bar:2002 at:650 fontsize:S text: 650 shift:(-8,5) bar:2003 at:680 fontsize:S text: 680 shift:(-8,5) bar:2004 at:719 fontsize:S text: 719 shift:(-8,5) bar:2005 at:664 fontsize:S text: 664 shift:(-8,5) bar:2006 at:610 fontsize:S text: 610 shift:(-8,5) bar:2007 at:709 fontsize:S text: 709 shift:(-8,5) bar:2008 at:762 fontsize:S text: 762 shift:(-8,5) bar:2009 at:750 fontsize:S text: 750 shift:(-8,5) bar:2010 at:713 fontsize:S text: 713 shift:(-8,5) bar:2011 at:703 fontsize:S text: 703 shift:(-8,5) bar:2012 at:607 fontsize:S text: 607 shift:(-8,5) bar:2013 at:527 fontsize:S text: 527 shift:(-8,5) bar:2014 at:474 fontsize:S text: 482 shift:(-8,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,10) text:Data from Etxerat & EPPK 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basque National Liberation Movement Prisoners」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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